ESGO Exam Questions Examples (Single Best Answer Format)

Palliative and supportive care

Which of the following is the most frequent symptom among gynaecological cancer patients throughout their treatment leading to palliative care referral?

1. Depression
2. Nausea
3. Pain
4. Spiritual or existential crisis

 

Ovarian and Tubal cancer:

PARP inhibitor therapy is an option in platinum-sensitive high-grade serous ovarian cancer relapse. Which statement is accurate?

1. PARP inhibitors are most effective only in patients with a known germline BRCA.
2. PARP inhibitors are well-tolerated, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most common side effect.
3. Maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors is typically reserved for patients who achieve a complete response after chemotherapy.
4. The risk of secondary haematological malignancies exists but is relatively rare.

 

Pathology

Which of the following is a common feature of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma on histopathology?

1. Extensive stromal invasion
2. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
3. Psammoma bodies
4. Signet ring cells

 

Radiology

What is the purpose of sonohysterography according to the IETA consensus?

1. To measure the thickness of the myometrium
2. To act as a negative contrast agent by instilling fluid or gel into the uterine cavity
3. To avoid the use of ultrasound in endometrial assessment
4. To enhance the echogenicity of the ovaries

 

Systemic Therapy

A 60-year-old patient is referred because of recurrent endometrial cancer (endometrioid grade 3, pMMR). The initial treatment included hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy. After two years of follow-up, the patient has multiple lung and liver metastases on PET-CT and mild symptoms of recurrence. What is the optimal treatment?

1. The recommended second-line systemic treatment is combined therapy of pembrolizumb and lenvatinib.
2. The recommended second-line systemic treatment is non-platinum chemotherapy such as doxorubicin or paclitaxel.
3. The recommended second-line systemic treatment is endocrine therapy based on progestins.
4. Rechallenge with platinum-based chemotherapy is not an option for second-line treatment as it was already administrated as first-line treatment.

 

Vulvar cancer

According to the revised FIGO 2021 classification for vulvar cancer, which of the following is correct?

1. Infiltration of the upper third of the urethra is classified as prognostically equivalent to regional lymph node metastasis with extracapsular spread.
2. Infiltration of the upper third of the vagina is classified as prognostically equivalent to fixed or ulcerated inguinal lymph node metastasis.
3. Pelvic lymph node metastases are classified as prognostically equivalent to metastases in distant organs.
4. Ulcerated inguinal lymph node metastases are classified as prognostically equivalent to metastases in distant organs.

Urological surgery

In anterior exenterative surgery…

1. …the bladder and ureters are removed.
2. …the bladder is removed.
3. …the urethra and bladder are removed.
4. …the urethra, bladder, and ureters are removed.

 

Research and methodology

Which measure of association is typically used in cohort studies to compare the risk of disease between exposed and unexposed groups?

1. Odds ratio
2. Hazard ratio
3. Risk ratio (relative risk)
4. Attributable risk

 

Sexual health

What are the strongest prognostic factors in vaginal cancer, besides disease stage?

1. Histological tumour type, tumour dimension, nodal status, and tumour location
2. Histological tumour type, nodal status, clear resection margins, and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI)
3. Tumour dimension, nodal status, LVSI, age, and comorbidities
4. Tumour location, nodal status, LVSI, age, and comorbidities

 

GTD

A 32-year-old woman presents with irregular vaginal bleeding and persistent elevated β-hCG levels following a miscarriage. A pelvic ultrasound shows a heterogenous mass in the uterus. Histopathology after curettage confirms a diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. What is the most common site of metastasis for choriocarcinoma?

1. Liver
2. Bone
3. Lymph nodes
4. Lungs